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Conventions and Agreements: Find out more about the conventions and agreements relevant to MPAs and cetacean habitat protection in regional and international waters.

References

Contains the complete references in 1st Edition of Marine Protected Areas for Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises plus additional useful MPA/cetacean references.

Agardy, T (1997) Marine Protected Areas and Ocean Conservation, Academic Press, London, 224pp
Aguilar, A (2000) Population biology, conservation threats and status of Mediterranean striped dolphins, Journal of Cetacean Research and Management 2(1), pp17–26
Ainley, DG (2002) The Ross Sea, Antarctica: Where all ecosystem processes still remain for study, but maybe not for long, Marine Ornithology 31, pp55–62
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Alcala, AC (2001) Marine Reserves in the Philippines: Historical Development, Effects and Influence on Marine Conservation Policy, The Bookmark, Inc, Makati, Philippines
Alder, J, NA Sloan and H Uktolseya (1994) A comparison of management planning and implementation in three Indonesian marine protected areas, Ocean and Coastal Management 24, pp179–98
Allen, SJ and Moller, LM (1999) Port Stephens Bottlenose Dolphin Population Survey, Report to NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service (unpublished), 40pp
Anaya Reyna, G (1996) Status of marine protected areas in Mexico, graduate project, Marine Affairs Program, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, 87pp
Andersen, J (1993) The Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, Whalewatcher , fall/winter, pp7–8
Angel, MA (unpublished) Case for a marine protected area in the regions of the Celtic Sea and South-western Approaches
Anon (ed) (1995) Proceedings of the First International Conference on the Southern Ocean Whale Sanctuary, Auckland, New Zealand, 15–16 October 1994, Department of Conservation, New Zealand, and Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society, Bath, UK, 119pp
Anon (1998) Observations about impact of petroleum activities in the south of Santa Cruz Province, report of the 3eras jornadas de preservación de agua, alre y suelo en la industria del Petroleo y del gas, IAPG, pp157–176
Antarctic Division, Australian Department of Environment, Sport and Territories, and P Dingwall (1995) Marine Region 1: Antarctic, in G Kelleher, C Bleakley and S Wells (eds) A Global Representative System of Marine Protected Areas. Vol I, The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, The World Bank and IUCN, Washington, DC, pp45-59
ANZECC (1999) Strategic Plan of Action for the National Representative System of Marine Protected Areas: A Guide for Action by Australian Governments, Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council, Task Force on Marine Protected Areas, Environment Australia, Canberra
Arcangeli, A and L Marini (1999) Considerazioni sull'ecologia comportamentale di una popolazione di Tursiops truncatus nelle acque della Sardegna sud-orientale, poster presentato al 4 Convegno Nazionale sui Cetacei e sulle tartarughe marine, Museo Civico Storia Naturale, Milano, 11–12 November
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Arnold, H (1997) The Dolphin Space Programme: The development and assessment of an accreditation scheme for dolphin-watching boats in the Moray Firth, a report for Scottish Wildlife Trust, Scottish Natural Heritage and EU LIFE Programme, Inverness
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Baird, IG and B Mounsouphom (1995) National status of the Irrawaddy dolphin (Orcaella brevirostris) in Lao PDR, paper presented to the UNEP Workshop on Biology and Conservation of Small Cetaceans in Southeast Asia, 27–30 June, Dumaguete, Philippines
Baird, IG, B Mounsouphom and PJ Stacey (1994) Preliminary surveys of Irrawaddy dolphins (Orcaella brevirostris) in Lao PDR and northeastern Cambodia, Report of the International Whaling Commission 44, pp367–369
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Baker, M, B Bett, D Billett and A Rogers (2001) The status of natural resources on the high-seas – an environmental perspective, WWF/IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, 68pp
Ballantine, WJ (1995) Networks of ‘no-take’ marine reserves are practical and necessary, in NL Shackell and JHM Willison (eds) Marine Protected Areas and Sustainable Fisheries, Proceedings of a symposium on marine protected areas and sustainable fisheries conducted at the Second International Conference on Science and the Management of Protected Areas, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, 16–20 May 1994, pp13–20
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Birnie, P and Moscrop, A (2000), Report of the Workshop on the Legal Aspects of Whale Watching, Punta Arenas, Chile, 17–20 November 1997, IFAW, Yarmouth Port, MA, 48pp
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Environment Australia (2001b) Macquarie Island Marine Park Management Plan, Environment Australia, Canberra
Environment Australia (2001c) Solitary Islands Marine Reserve (Commonwealth Waters) Management Plan, Environment Australia, Canberra
Environment Australia (2002a) Lord Howe Island Marine Park (Commonwealth Waters) Management Plan, Environment Australia, Canberra
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Conventions and Agreements

The following conventions, agreements and treaties associated with marine protected areas and cetaceans are described in detail in Table 1.6 of Erich Hoyt’s Marine Protected Areas for Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises, pp. 43-54. Additional online links for more general information on each agreement are presented below:

ACCOBAMS – Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans of the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Contiguous Atlantic Area
To consult or download the key document: Cetaceans of the Mediterranean and Black Seas: State of Knowledge and Conservation Strategies, click here.

ASCOBANS– Agreement on the Conservation of Small Cetaceans of the Baltic and North Sea

Barcelona Convention – Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and Littoral of the Mediterranean Sea against Pollution

Bern Convention – The Emerald Network; Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats

BSEP – Black Sea Environmental Programme (part of UNEP Regional Seas Programme)

Bonn Convention (see CMS)

Cartagena Convention (the Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region) and the Protocol Concerning Specially Protected Areas and Wildlife (SPAW)
For SPAW legislation, click here.

CCAMLR – Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources
For Antarctica and Southern Ocean Coalition, click here.

CITES – Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna. To contact CITES Trade Database Team, UNEP-WCMC; email: species@unep-wcmc.org.

CMS or Bonn Convention – Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Jakarta Mandate

CPPS – Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and Coastal Areas of the South-East Pacific

EU Habitats and Species Directive (Natura 2000)

HELCOM or Helsinki Convention – Convention for the Protection of the Baltic Environment against All Forms of Pollution

ICRW – International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling (convention responsible for establishing the International Whaling Commission – IWC)

MARPOL Agreement – International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, put into practice by IMO – International Maritime rganization
For more information on how to apply.

MCEA – Convention for the Protection, Management and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the Eastern African Region

NAFO – Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization and Convention on Future Multilateral Cooperation in the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries

NOWPAP – Northwest Pacific Programme (part of UNEP Regional Seas Programme)

OSPAR Convention – Oslo and Paris Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment in the Northeast Atlantic

Ramsar – Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat

SPA Protocol – Protocol for Special Protected Areas and Biological Diversity of the Barcelona Convention

SPREP – South Pacific Regional Environmental Program

The UN Agreement on Straddling Fish Stocks

UNEP Regional Seas Programme.
For more information on the regional seas strategy, click here.

Unesco Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB)

United Nations Conference on Environment and Development – UNCED: Agenda 21

UNCLOS – United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD)